标题: LEC常用法律术语（十六） [打印本页] 作者: 有趣青年 时间: 2022-12-5 10:41 标题: LEC常用法律术语（十六） Bankruptcy
英/'bæŋkrʌptsɪ/ 美/'bæŋkrʌptsi/ 【英文释义】
Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may be released ("discharged") from their debts completely or allowed to repay them in whole or in part on a manageable schedule. Federal bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings. The person with the debts is called the debtor and the people or companies to whom the debtor owes money are called creditors. 【中文释义】
n.破产 可指当事人无力偿还到期债务的状况，也可指已依破产法被宣告破产的事实，或者已依破产法被宣告破产的当事人的地位。
<hr/>Oral Argument
英/ˌmɪsdɪˈmi:nə/ 美/ˌmɪsdɪ&#39;minɚ/ 【英文释义】
An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their positions before the court and also to answer the judges&#39; questions. 【中文释义】
口头辩论 １指双方当事人及其律师向法庭口头陈述其支持或反对法庭应作出某种判决或应给予某种救济的理由和根据；２指法庭听取双方当事人就某一申请或上诉作口头辩论的程序。
<hr/>Ordinance
英/&#39;ɔːdɪnəns/ 美/&#39;ɔrdnəns/ 【英文释义】
A law adopted by the governing body of a municipality or county. 【中文释义】
n.(1)条例 指由市政法人〔municipal corporation〕的立法机关通过的法规。不过，该词主要用于美国英语中，(2)〈英〉法令 与议会立法不同，特指未经上下两院和国王一致同意，仅由其中一方或两方同意而制定的法令。
<hr/>Criminal Contempt 【英文释义】
A criminal contempt is an act done in disrespect of the court or its process or which obstructs the administration of justice or tends to bring the court into disrepute. Criminal contempt can be direct or indirect. Direct contempt involves disorderly or insolent behavior in the presence of the judge that interferes with the course of a judicial proceeding; it is punishable summarily (i.e.without a hearing) by fine or imprisonment. Indirect contempt involves willful disobedience of court orders away from the court, which tend to impede justice. For example, refusing to carry out lawful court orders, preventing service of process, withholding evidence, and bribing a witness are all considered indirect criminal contempt. A person charged with indirect contempt is entitled to notice and a hearing. 【中文释义】
刑事藐视；藐视法庭罪 指妨碍正义或者对法庭的公正性进行攻击的行为。设立此罪的主要目的在于维护法庭的权威，并惩罚不遵守法庭命令的行为。在民事诉讼中虚假证言的获得即构成藐视法庭罪，而与民事藐视有所区别。基于法庭有权对此进行惩罚，藐视法庭罪的程序在性质上是具有惩罚性的，通常以警告阻止再犯。在美国宪法条款中，藐视法庭罪被视为「危害国家罪」，从而使得总统有权对此类犯罪给予赦免。